No. For "choose up to ○" and "choose ○", you must choose when there are valid targets. Where you can choose how many, always choose at least 1. (With The last dance at the ball (SHADE), choose 1 or 2.) If there are no valid targets, finish resolving without choosing. If the rest of the effect can't take effect without a target, it finishes resolving without taking effect.
Yes, it can. Factory tour's effect only lasts that turn, so when the cards are swapped Nira-chan (JK BOMBER) is back to its original flame element, and NIRA-CHAN (Kan Saete Kuyashiiwa)'s "If the character card used last turn was flame" is met, so its effect can take effect.
When Job Change's effect takes effect, and my opponent has set enchants or area enchants with attack + effects, in what order are the effects resolved?
A
If the player using Job Change is the priority player, their opponent's attack is set to 100, then the opponent's attack + effects are resolved. If the player using Job Change isn't the priority player, Job Change's effect takes effect after whatever attack + effects their opponent uses, so the opponent's attack that turn is 100.
With no character card in my battle zone, I set a character card and Moon reflected on the water at the same time. Can I choose not to put that character card in the battle zone?
A
Yes. If Moon reflected on the water's POWER COST is met, you can choose not to put the character card in the battle zone, even on a turn you set Moon reflected on the water and a character card with no character card in your battle zone.
It undoes the clock moved this turn. First, time moves forward by the cards newly played from hands at the start of this turn. Then, at the character/enchant/area enchant effects step, the clock goes back to where it was before time moved forward that turn.
Moon reflected on the water's effect takes effect at the character swap step. So it isn't affected by effects that take effect later, at the character/enchant/area enchant effects step.